The Islamic calendar is based on the movement and observation of the moon. We have retained, however, the spellings used on the Rewards for Justice and FBI terrorism sites spellings there are designed for easy recognition or are used in legal documents and therefore do not always conform to these rules. In this system, the letters “u” and “a” are preferred over “o” and “e.” For example, the name of the al-Qa‘ida operative who was detained on 1 March 2003 is Khalid Shaykh Muhammad, not Khalid Sheikh Mohammed he was an associate of Usama Bin Ladin, not Osama Bin Laden. While there is no universally accepted transliteration of Arabic names and terms, this edition of the Counterterrorism Calendar adheres to a transliteration system that is generally used throughout the US Government. The US State Department designated HAMAS as a foreign terrorist organization in October 1997. The group also uses cyber espionage and computer network exploitation operations. HAMAS uses improvised explosive devices, short- and long-range rockets and mortars, small arms, kidnapping operations, rocket-propelled grenades, man-portable air defense systems, antitank missiles, and unmanned aircraft systems in attacks against Israeli military forces and civilians, as well as against ISIS and other Salafist armed group members based in Gaza. Primarily in Gaza also maintains a presence in the West Bank Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon and key regional capitals, such as Doha, Qatar, and Cairo, Egypt. HAMAS has been the de facto governing body in the Gaza Strip since 2007, when it ousted the Palestinian Authority from power. The group is committed to armed resistance against Israel and the creation of an Islamic Palestinian state in Israel’s place. HAMAS emerged in 1987 during the first Palestinian uprising, or intifada, as an outgrowth of the Muslim Brotherhood’s Palestinian branch. HAMAS–the acronym for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya (Islamic Resistance Movement)-is the largest and most capable militant group in the Palestinian territories and one of the territories’ two major political parties.
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